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  Explained with all Sections (210 to 222) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 Introduction The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023, replaced the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, as India's main set of rules for criminal proceedings. Among the significant changes, Chapter 15 of BNSS is important as it lays down the rules which must be followed before a criminal case can start in court. This chapter, titled "Conditions Requisite for Initiation of Proceedings", includes Sections 210 to 222. These sections address how courts take notice of offenses, when government permission is needed, and how to safeguard witnesses and public servants from unfair prosecution. This article breaks down each section in simple language and answers common questions related to BNSS Chapter 15. BNSS Section 210 – Magistrate's Recognition of Offenses This section explains when a Magistrate can acknowledge a criminal offense. In legal terms, "cognizance" mean...

Understanding Sections 197 to 209 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 Introduction The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023 , which replaces the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), 1973 , introduces changes in criminal procedure while keeping the structure of justice delivery intact. One of its key components is Chapter 14 – Jurisdiction of the Criminal Courts in Inquiries and Trials . This chapter, containing Sections 197 to 209 , determines where a criminal trial or inquiry should be held depending on the location, nature, or circumstances of an offence. Comprehending the territorial and procedural jurisdiction is vital, as it impacts how efficiently justice is administered—especially in complex, digital, or cross-border offences. BNSS Section 197 – Usual Place of Inquiry and Trial This section sets the basic rule that every offence shall ordinarily be inquired into and tried by a court within whose local jurisdiction it was committed. This ensures: Local cour...